What is the average order value for WooCommerce stores in 2025?

Average order value (AOV) in WooCommerce is the total revenue generated over a period divided by the number of completed orders. For example, $25,000 in sales from 400 orders equals a $62.50 AOV. WooCommerce stores currently average $122 per order as of 2024-2025, positioning them above Shopify ($92) but below luxury ecommerce segments that can reach $400+ per transaction.

The metric matters because increasing AOV by just 10% can boost profits more effectively than driving equivalent traffic growth—without additional customer acquisition costs.

Numbers at a glance

  • $122 average order value for WooCommerce stores (2024)
  • $113 AOV for new customers vs. $107 for returning customers
  • $144 global ecommerce AOV average (all platforms, 2024)
  • $96 fashion/apparel AOV benchmark
  • $114 consumables/food & beverage AOV
  • $153 home & furniture AOV
  • 30% profit increase potential from AOV optimization vs. traffic growth
  • 2-3x higher AOV for WooCommerce vs. marketplace sellers (Amazon ~$53)
$122
WooCommerce AOV
2024-2025 Average
$144
Global Ecommerce AOV
All Platforms Average
30%
Profit Increase Potential
AOV vs Traffic Growth
2-3×
Higher than Amazon
WooCommerce vs Marketplace

What is average order value (AOV)?

Average order value measures how much customers spend per transaction in your WooCommerce store. It’s calculated by dividing total revenue by the number of completed orders over a specific period.

Formula & quick calculator

AOV = Total Revenue ÷ Number of Orders

Example calculation:

  • Monthly revenue: $15,000
  • Orders completed: 150
  • AOV = $15,000 ÷ 150 = $100

AOV includes the product subtotal, taxes, and shipping fees—essentially the final checkout amount customers pay.

Where to find AOV in WooCommerce analytics

WooCommerce doesn’t display AOV directly, but you can calculate it using the built-in reports:

  1. Navigate to: WordPress Dashboard → WooCommerce → Reports → Orders
  2. Select timeframe: Choose your desired date range (last 30 days, quarter, year)
  3. Find the metrics:
  • Net sales (total revenue)
  • Number of orders
  1. Calculate: Divide net sales by order count

Pro tip: For more detailed AOV tracking by location, product category, or customer segment, integrate Google Analytics 4 with WooCommerce. GA4’s enhanced ecommerce reports show “Average Purchase Revenue” automatically.

Alternative tracking methods:

  • WooCommerce Analytics extension: Provides built-in AOV calculations with visual charts
  • Metorik: Third-party analytics tool specifically designed for WooCommerce with advanced AOV segmentation
  • MonsterInsights: WordPress plugin that connects Google Analytics data directly to your dashboard

What is a “good” AOV in 2025?

The answer depends on your industry, product mix, and target market. Here’s how WooCommerce stores stack up against broader ecommerce benchmarks.

Average Order Value by Industry (2024)

Luxury & Jewelry
$436
Home & Furniture
$153
WooCommerce Avg
$122
Food & Beverage
$114
Electronics
$111
Fashion & Apparel
$96
Multi-brand Retail
$94
Sports & Outdoors
$89
Pet Care
$83
Beauty & Personal
$71

Key Insight: WooCommerce’s $122 AOV positions it well above fashion/apparel and multi-brand retail but below premium categories. Stores significantly below their industry benchmark have the most upside potential.

Global SMB median numbers — physical vs. digital goods

WooCommerce stores (2024-2025): $122 average order value

This figure reflects WooCommerce’s significant B2B presence and mix of physical product sellers. The platform consistently outperforms pure B2C marketplaces due to:

  • Higher-value product categories (furniture, electronics, professional tools)
  • B2B wholesale orders that inflate the average
  • Custom product configurations and add-ons
  • Longer sales cycles that result in larger purchases
  • Professional buyers who purchase in bulk quantities

Physical vs. digital breakdown:

  • Physical goods: $118-135 AOV (shipping costs included)
  • Digital products: $85-95 AOV (software, courses, downloads)
  • Mixed catalogs: $110-125 AOV
  • Subscription products: $45-75 AOV (monthly recurring)
  • Services: $200-500 AOV (consulting, professional services)

Niche snapshots: fashion, electronics, consumables

Industry-specific AOV benchmarks help you gauge performance within your vertical:

Industry2024 AOV BenchmarkNotes
Fashion & Apparel$96Lower due to single-item purchases; bundle opportunities
Consumer Electronics$111Mid-range; accessories drive higher AOV
Food & Beverage$114Subscription boxes and bulk orders boost average
Home & Furniture$153Highest AOV due to big-ticket items
Beauty & Personal Care$71Frequent repeat purchases, smaller baskets
Luxury & Jewelry$436Premium pricing drives exceptional AOV
Sports & Outdoors$89Seasonal spikes, equipment bundles
Pet Care$83Regular consumables, occasional big purchases
Multi-brand Retail$94Varied product mix affects consistency

Regional variations also impact AOV:

  • North America: 15-20% higher than global averages
  • Europe: 10-15% above global benchmarks
  • Asia-Pacific: 5-10% below due to price sensitivity
  • Emerging markets: 20-30% lower AOV but higher growth rates

Takeaway: If your WooCommerce store falls within 15% of your industry benchmark, you’re performing competitively. Stores significantly below benchmark have the most AOV upside potential.

Why AOV matters more than traffic growth

Focusing on average order value often delivers better ROI than pouring budget into traffic acquisition. Here’s the math behind why AOV optimization should be your priority.

Impact on profit margin

Scenario comparison:

  • Current state: 1,000 monthly orders × $100 AOV = $100,000 revenue
  • Traffic approach: 1,200 orders × $100 AOV = $120,000 revenue (+20%)
  • AOV approach: 1,000 orders × $120 AOV = $120,000 revenue (+20%)

The AOV approach achieves identical revenue growth without:

  • Additional advertising spend
  • Higher customer service volume
  • Increased fulfillment complexity
  • Extra payment processing fees
  • Server load from increased traffic
  • Higher return/refund processing costs

CAC payback math example

Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC) scenario:

  • Current CAC: $25 per customer
  • Current AOV: $100
  • Gross margin: 40%

Current payback: $100 × 40% = $40 gross profit – $25 CAC = $15 net profit per customer

After 20% AOV increase: $120 × 40% = $48 gross profit – $25 CAC = $23 net profit per customer

Result: 53% improvement in customer profitability with zero additional acquisition cost.

AOV Optimization vs Traffic Growth: Profit Impact

Current State

$100,000
Monthly Revenue
Orders:
1,000
AOV:
$100

Traffic Growth (+20%)

$120,000
Monthly Revenue
Orders:
1,200
AOV:
$100
Additional Costs:
• Higher ad spend
• More customer service
• Increased fulfillment

AOV Growth (+20%)

$120,000
Monthly Revenue
Orders:
1,000
AOV:
$120
Benefits:
• Same customer volume
• No extra ad spend
• Higher profit margins

Customer Profitability Example

Current Scenario
• CAC: $25 per customer
• AOV: $100
• Gross margin: 40%
Net profit: $15
After 20% AOV Increase
• CAC: $25 per customer
• AOV: $120
• Gross margin: 40%
Net profit: $23
Improvement
53%
increase in customer profitability

Long-term compound effects

Year 1 impact of 15% AOV increase:

  • Base scenario: 10,000 orders × $100 AOV = $1,000,000 revenue
  • Optimized scenario: 10,000 orders × $115 AOV = $1,150,000 revenue
  • Additional profit: $150,000 (assuming 40% margins = $60,000 extra profit)

Year 2-3 compound benefits:

  • Higher customer lifetime value attracts better acquisition channels
  • Improved unit economics allow for higher marketing spend
  • Better inventory turnover from larger basket sizes
  • Reduced per-order fulfillment costs improve margins further

9 actionable ways to increase AOV

These tactics are ranked by implementation difficulty and typical impact on WooCommerce stores.

AOV Optimization Tactics: Impact vs Implementation

Quick Wins

Free Shipping Threshold
12-18% AOV increase • Easy setup
BNPL Payment Options
10-20% AOV increase • Plugin install
Cross-sell Setup
10-20% AOV increase • Built-in feature

Strategic Moves

Product Bundles
20-35% AOV increase • Bundle plugin
Checkout Upsells
15-25% AOV increase • Funnel setup
Smart Coupons
12-18% AOV increase • Advanced plugin

Support Tactics

Volume Discounts
15-25% AOV increase • Coupon setup
Social Proof Pop-ups
5-12% AOV increase • Notification plugin
Loyalty Programs
8-15% AOV increase • Long-term setup

Recommended Implementation Order

Week 1-2
Free shipping threshold + cross-sells
Week 3-4
BNPL options + volume discounts
Month 2
Product bundles + checkout upsells
Month 3+
Loyalty program + smart coupons

1. One-click upsells at checkout

Impact potential: 15-25% AOV increase
Implementation: Medium (requires plugin)

Add complementary products or upgrades directly on the checkout page, when purchase intent is highest.

Plugin demo: FunnelKit / Iconic Sales Booster

FunnelKit (formerly WooFunnels):

  • Creates post-purchase upsell funnels
  • A/B tests different offers automatically
  • Tracks conversion rates by product pairing
  • Pricing: Free version available, premium at $99.5/year
  • Success rate: 8-15% of customers accept upsell offers
  • Best for: Digital products, subscriptions, high-margin items

Iconic Sales Booster:

  • Adds “Frequently Bought Together” sections
  • Customizable cross-sell popups after “Add to Cart”
  • Order bump options at checkout
  • Used by: 20,000+ WooCommerce stores
  • Average lift: 12-18% AOV increase
  • Pricing: $79/year for single site
  • Best for: Physical products with natural pairings

Best practices:

  • Offer 10-30% discounts on upsell items
  • Limit to 1-2 upsell options to avoid choice paralysis
  • Test different product combinations monthly
  • Use urgency language: “Complete your order with…”
  • Show social proof: “Customers who bought X also purchased Y”

Case study example: Electronics retailer increased AOV from $89 to $107 by offering phone cases and screen protectors at checkout with 20% bundle discount.

2. Cross-sell with “Frequently Bought Together”

Impact potential: 10-20% AOV increase
Implementation: Easy (built into WooCommerce + plugins)

Display related products that complement the main item, similar to Amazon’s approach.

Setup steps:

  1. Native WooCommerce: Product edit screen → Linked Products → Cross-sells
  2. Enhanced options: Use plugins like “WooCommerce Product Bundles” or “YITH WooCommerce Frequently Bought Together”

Winning combinations by industry:

  • Electronics: Camera + memory card + case + tripod
  • Beauty: Cleanser + toner + moisturizer + sunscreen
  • Fashion: Shirt + pants + belt + shoes
  • Home: Bedsheet set + pillows + mattress protector
  • Food: Coffee beans + grinder + filters + travel mug

Advanced cross-sell strategies:

  • Seasonal pairings: Swimwear + sunscreen in summer
  • Occasion-based: Wedding dress + shoes + accessories
  • Skill-level matching: Beginner guitar + picks + tuner + lesson book
  • Price anchoring: Show expensive item first, then affordable add-ons

Optimization tip: Analyze your order history to identify products frequently purchased together, then create those cross-sell relationships. Use tools like Google Analytics Enhanced Ecommerce to track product affinity.

3. Tiered free-shipping threshold (30% above current AOV)

Impact potential: 12-18% AOV increase
Implementation: Easy (WooCommerce settings)

Set your free shipping minimum at 30% above your current AOV to encourage larger orders.

Example setup:

  • Current AOV: $100
  • Free shipping threshold: $130
  • Result: Customers add $30+ in products to qualify

Advanced tiered approach:

  • Tier 1: Free shipping at $130
  • Tier 2: Free shipping + 5% discount at $200
  • Tier 3: Free shipping + 10% discount + free gift at $300
  • VIP Tier: Free shipping + 15% discount + premium gift + priority support at $500

Psychology behind thresholds:

  • Creates “loss aversion” – customers don’t want to “waste” shipping fees
  • Provides clear value proposition for spending more
  • Gamifies the shopping experience with progress bars
  • Works especially well for repeat customers who understand the value

Configuration: WooCommerce → Settings → Shipping → Shipping Zones → Add shipping method → Free Shipping → Minimum order amount

Pro tip: Display progress bars showing how close customers are to free shipping: “Add $23 more for FREE shipping!”

4. Product bundles & kits (physical + digital)

Impact potential: 20-35% AOV increase
Implementation: Medium (requires bundle plugin)

Create curated product packages at a slight discount compared to individual purchases.

Bundle types that work:

  • Starter kits: Essential items for beginners (photography starter kit: camera + lens + bag + memory card)
  • Seasonal collections: Holiday or weather-specific groupings (summer skincare bundle)
  • Complementary sets: Products that enhance each other’s value (coffee + grinder + filters)
  • Digital + physical: Course + workbook + tools (cooking class + recipe book + utensils)
  • Upgrade bundles: Basic + premium versions (software license + training + support)

Plugin recommendations:

  • WooCommerce Product Bundles (official extension) – $79/year
  • YITH WooCommerce Product Bundles – $69/year
  • WPC Product Bundles (free option with premium features)

Pricing strategy examples:

  • Individual items: $50 + $30 + $25 = $105 total
  • Bundle price: $89 (15% savings)
  • Customer saves: $16
  • Your benefit: Higher AOV, better inventory turnover

Bundle optimization tactics:

  • Test different discount percentages (10%, 15%, 20%)
  • Create urgency with limited-time bundle offers
  • Use hero products to anchor bundles (popular item + complementary products)
  • A/B test bundle positioning (product page vs. cart page vs. checkout)

5. Volume or BOGO discounts

Impact potential: 15-25% AOV increase
Implementation: Easy (WooCommerce coupons)

Create urgency-driven offers that reward larger purchases.

Effective discount structures:

  • Volume tiers: Buy 2 get 10% off, buy 3 get 20% off, buy 5 get 30% off
  • BOGO variations: Buy 2, get 1 at 50% off; Buy 3, get 1 free
  • Spend thresholds: Spend $150, get $25 off; Spend $300, get $75 off
  • Category mixing: Buy any 3 items from different categories, get 15% off
  • Quantity + percentage: Buy 4+ items, get 20% off + free shipping

Setup in WooCommerce:

  1. Marketing → Coupons → Add Coupon
  2. Set usage restrictions (minimum spend, product categories)
  3. Configure expiration dates (7-14 days for urgency)
  4. Add usage limits per customer to prevent abuse

Advanced volume discount strategies:

  • Progressive discounts: Discount increases with quantity (5% at 2 items, 10% at 3 items, 15% at 4+ items)
  • Mix-and-match: Combine products from different categories for bulk discounts
  • Loyalty integration: Higher discounts for repeat customers or loyalty members
  • Flash sales: 24-48 hour volume discount events

Pro tip: Use countdown timers on discount banners to amplify urgency psychology. Display “Only 2 days left for Buy 2, Get 1 Free!”

6. Loyalty points that unlock above-cart bonuses

Impact potential: 8-15% AOV increase (long-term)
Implementation: Medium (requires loyalty plugin)

Reward customers for larger purchases with points that unlock exclusive products or experiences.

Program structure example:

  • Standard purchases: 1 point per $1 spent
  • Bonus tiers: 1.5x points on orders $150+, 2x points on orders $250+, 3x points on orders $500+
  • Redemption rewards:
  • 100 points = $5 off next order
  • 500 points = Free shipping for 6 months
  • 1000 points = Exclusive product access
  • 2000 points = VIP customer status with 15% permanent discount

Plugin options:

  • WooCommerce Points and Rewards (official) – $129/year
  • YITH WooCommerce Points and Rewards – $79/year
  • WPLoyalty (comprehensive features) – Free with premium options

Advanced loyalty strategies:

  • Tier-based benefits: Bronze, Silver, Gold, Platinum levels with increasing perks
  • Bonus point events: Double points weekends, birthday bonuses, anniversary rewards
  • Social sharing rewards: Points for reviews, referrals, social media shares
  • Gamification: Badges, challenges, leaderboards to encourage engagement

ROI calculation: If loyalty members spend 20% more per order and shop 30% more frequently, the program pays for itself through increased customer lifetime value.

7. Buy-Now-Pay-Later options

Impact potential: 10-20% AOV increase
Implementation: Easy (payment gateway setup)

BNPL options reduce purchase friction for higher-priced items, particularly effective for AOVs above $100.

Top BNPL providers for WooCommerce:

  • Klarna: 4 interest-free payments, instant approval, $0-$10,000 limits
  • Affirm: Flexible terms from 3-36 months, $50-$17,500 limits
  • Sezzle: 4 payments over 6 weeks, $0-$2,500 limits
  • PayPal Pay in 4: Integrated with existing PayPal setup, $30-$1,500 limits
  • Zip (formerly Quadpay): 4 installments, $35-$1,000 limits

Implementation best practices:

  • Display BNPL options prominently on product pages for items $75+
  • Show payment breakdown (“4 payments of $25”) next to price
  • A/B test placement: product page vs. cart vs. checkout
  • Use BNPL messaging in email marketing and ads
  • Target higher-priced products and categories

BNPL impact by price range:

  • $75-150: 8-12% AOV increase
  • $150-300: 15-20% AOV increase
  • $300-500: 20-25% AOV increase
  • $500+: 25-30% AOV increase

Case study: Fashion retailer saw 22% AOV increase after adding Klarna, with average order jumping from $87 to $106. Conversion rate also improved by 8% due to reduced payment friction.

8. Smart coupons triggered on spend level

Impact potential: 12-18% AOV increase
Implementation: Medium (requires advanced coupon plugin)

Automatically apply discounts when customers reach specific cart thresholds, encouraging them to add more items.

Trigger examples:

  • Cart reaches $75: “Add $25 more for 10% off entire order”
  • Cart reaches $125: “You’re $25 away from free shipping + 5% discount”
  • Cart reaches $200: “Unlock VIP shipping + exclusive bonus item”
  • Cart reaches $300: “Congratulations! You’ve unlocked 15% off + free premium gift”

Plugin recommendations:

  • Advanced Coupons for WooCommerce – $59/year
  • Smart Coupons for WooCommerce – $99/year
  • Conditional Discounts for WooCommerce – $49/year

Advanced smart coupon strategies:

  • Progressive rewards: Increasing benefits as cart value grows
  • Category-specific triggers: Different thresholds for different product types
  • Customer segment targeting: VIP customers get lower thresholds
  • Time-sensitive triggers: Weekend-only or flash sale smart coupons
  • Abandoned cart recovery: Email triggers with smart coupon codes

Psychological triggers:

  • Loss aversion: “Don’t miss out on your 10% discount”
  • Progress indication: Visual bars showing progress to next reward
  • Social proof: “Join 1,000+ customers who unlocked this reward today”
  • Exclusivity: “VIP members only” or “Limited time offer”

9. Real-time social-proof pop-ups

Impact potential: 5-12% AOV increase
Implementation: Easy (notification plugin)

Display recent purchases, stock levels, and customer activity to create urgency and social validation.

Effective notification types:

  • Recent purchases: “Sarah from California just purchased this item”
  • Stock alerts: “Only 3 left in stock at this price”
  • Visitor activity: “15 people are viewing this product right now”
  • Popular items: “Most popular bundle this week”
  • Reviews: “This product has 47 five-star reviews”
  • Geographic social proof: “12 people from your city bought this today”

Plugin options:

  • WooCommerce Notification (free with premium features)
  • NotificationX (comprehensive features) – $39/year
  • TrustPulse (advanced targeting) – $5/month
  • Proof (real-time notifications) – $29/month

Advanced social proof strategies:

  • Personalized notifications: Show activity from similar customer segments
  • Seasonal messaging: “Hot summer item – 50 sold today!”
  • Scarcity + urgency: “Only 2 left – 8 people have this in their cart”
  • Success stories: “This helped John lose 20 pounds”
  • Expert endorsements: “Recommended by 9 out of 10 professionals”

Optimization tip: Show notifications for products with AOV 20%+ above your average to guide customers toward higher-value items. Test different notification frequencies to avoid overwhelming visitors.

Common mistakes to avoid

Learn from these frequent AOV optimization pitfalls that can backfire on profitability.

Over-discounting (erodes margin)

The trap: Offering deep discounts (25%+) to boost AOV
The problem: Higher order values but lower profit margins
The fix: Cap discounts at 15% and focus on value-added bundles instead

Example:

  • Wrong approach: “Spend $200, get 30% off” (AOV up, profit down)
  • Right approach: “Spend $200, get free premium shipping + bonus item” (AOV up, margin preserved)

Margin-friendly alternatives:

  • Free shipping instead of percentage discounts
  • Bonus products with high perceived value but low cost
  • Exclusive access or early bird privileges
  • Extended warranties or premium support
  • Loyalty points that encourage future purchases

Too many offers on checkout page

The trap: Presenting 5+ upsell options during checkout
The problem: Choice paralysis leads to cart abandonment
The fix: Limit to 1-2 highly relevant offers based on cart contents

Best practice: Use conditional logic to show different upsells based on:

  • Cart value (low/medium/high)
  • Product category (electronics vs. apparel)
  • Customer history (new vs. returning)
  • Geographic location (shipping costs vary)
  • Device type (mobile users prefer simpler options)

Ignoring mobile optimization

The trap: Focusing only on desktop AOV optimization
The problem: Mobile users have different behavior patterns and lower AOV
The fix: Create mobile-specific AOV strategies

Mobile-specific tactics:

  • Simplified bundle options with fewer choices
  • One-click upsells with minimal scrolling
  • Mobile-optimized BNPL payment flows
  • Thumb-friendly add-to-cart buttons for cross-sells
  • Progressive disclosure of offers to reduce cognitive load

Frequently asked questions

What is average order value in WooCommerce?

Average order value (AOV) is the average amount customers spend per transaction in your WooCommerce store, calculated by dividing total revenue by the number of orders.

How do I calculate AOV?

AOV = Total Revenue ÷ Number of Orders. For example, $10,000 in monthly sales from 100 orders = $100 AOV.

What is a good average order value for small online stores?

For WooCommerce stores, $122 is the 2024-2025 average. Small stores typically range from $75-150 depending on industry and product mix.

Does AOV include taxes and shipping?

Yes, AOV includes the total amount customers pay at checkout, including product costs, taxes, and shipping fees.

How can I see AOV in WooCommerce analytics?

Go to WooCommerce → Reports → Orders, then divide net sales by order count. For automated tracking, integrate Google Analytics 4 with WooCommerce.

How do I increase average order value without paid ads?

Focus on checkout upsells, product bundles, free shipping thresholds, cross-selling, and BNPL payment options—all organic tactics that don’t require advertising spend.

What plugins help boost AOV?

Top plugins include FunnelKit (upsell funnels), Iconic Sales Booster (cross-sells), WooCommerce Product Bundles, and Advanced Coupons for smart discounting.

Is higher AOV always better than more orders?

Not always. Focus on profitable AOV growth that maintains healthy margins. A 20% AOV increase with 10% margin erosion may be less valuable than 15% more orders at current margins.

How long does it take to see AOV improvements?

Most tactics show results within 2-4 weeks. Product bundles and upsells can show immediate impact, while loyalty programs take 2-3 months to show full effect.

Should I focus on new or returning customers for AOV optimization?

Both, but with different strategies. New customers respond well to bundles and free shipping thresholds. Returning customers are more receptive to loyalty programs and exclusive offers.

What’s the difference between AOV and customer lifetime value?

AOV measures single transaction value, while CLV measures total revenue from a customer over their entire relationship with your store. Higher AOV often leads to higher CLV.

Can AOV optimization hurt conversion rates?

Yes, if implemented poorly. Always test changes and monitor both AOV and conversion rates. The goal is to optimize total revenue, not just order size.

Key takeaways

WooCommerce stores average $122 per order in 2024-2025, outperforming Shopify ($92) but trailing luxury segments ($436). Your industry matters—fashion averages $96 while home & furniture reaches $153.

AOV optimization beats traffic acquisition for profit growth. A 20% AOV increase delivers the same revenue as 20% more traffic, but without additional marketing costs, customer service overhead, or fulfillment complexity.

Start with quick wins: Set free shipping thresholds 30% above your current AOV, configure cross-sells for your top products, and add BNPL payment options. These three tactics alone can boost AOV by 15-25%.

Layer advanced strategies gradually: Once basic tactics are working, add product bundles, loyalty programs, and smart coupons. Test one change at a time to isolate impact and avoid overwhelming customers.

Avoid common pitfalls: Don’t over-discount (kills margins) or overwhelm checkout with too many offers (increases abandonment). Focus on value-added bundles and limit upsells to 1-2 relevant options.

Track progress systematically: Monitor monthly AOV alongside revenue and order count. Test one tactic at a time to isolate impact, and remember that sustainable AOV growth maintains healthy profit margins while increasing customer value.

Think long-term: AOV optimization compounds over time. A 15% increase in year one often leads to 25-30% improvements by year two as customers become accustomed to larger purchases and you refine your tactics.

Sources & references